Speed Limits on the Highways Essay Example

Speed Limits on the Highways Essay Nowadays out streets and highways are filled with automobiles, motors, buses and different other vehicles, which make problems of traffic safety topical for our society. Thousands of accidents happen every day in our country, and the statistic of lethal outcomes is really scary. The majority of reasons, which usually bring to accidents and deaths on the roads, are connected with speeding and alcohol usage.That is why it is necessary to think about assuming some drastic measures, directed on protection of our citizens on the road and next to it. This problem has to receive permanent public concern and attention. To my mind, establishing of speed limits is one of such measures, which can work well and be really effective. Speed limitations can be especially efficient for extremely busy roads, like motorways, highways or freeways.Currently, all 50 states of our country adopted the laws, which set up speed limitations on the roads and highways. Speed limit is maximum (or minimum) speed e stablished by legislation for one of another type of road. Usually, the drivers can be informed about speed limits on the roads with the help of traffic signs, which appear next to the roads.Of course, speed limits vary according to the type of the roads and type of the vehicle. A number of states have different speed limits for such vehicles, as buses, trucks and other commercial means of transportation and, as a rule, maximum speed limit for such vehicles is lower, than the one for usual cars. Also, some states have different day-time speed limitations and night-time speed limitations.Average speed limits in the United States are the following: 45–70 mph on the highways and expressways, connecting the cities or towns, 55–70 mph on non-Interstate expressways, and up to75 mph on interstate freeways (Wikipedia). In some states speed limits can exceed 75 mph, like in Texas or Kansas, where it is allowed to drive with the speed 80mph on some roads.Certainly, speed limits slightly vary from one state to another. For example, in Arizona usual maximum speed limit for highways is 75 mph and in Tennessee it is at most 65 mph. It is interesting also, that generally the states on the West of the country have speed higher limits, than the ones in the East (Wikipedia).There is a special rule, connected with establishing of speed limits, which is used in our country since the middle of XX century. It is called the 85th Percentile Rule. The concept of this rule is the following: typically 85% of drivers do not exceed the threshold of safeness in normal circumstances. It means that 85% of drivers usually drive with the speed, which is relatively safe for particular road or highway. That is why the majority of current speed limitations are set by traffic engineers, according to this finding.Speed limits are really very necessary, because the drivers of the vehicles, which are moving with too very high speed, can not react quickly on the changes of the situation on the road. Also, a speeding car has considerably lower ability to maneuver and can not stop its movement fast. In such cases, established speed limitations help the drivers to keep their vehicles under permanent control during their travel.Therefore, the main functions of speed limits are slowing down the traffic and decreasing the amount of accidents, connected with speeding. Especially, it can be said about the highways, where a lot of vehicles move permanently with relatively high speed. That is why the accidents on highways are exceptionally dangerous for people.Besides, speed limitations are directed on strengthening of safety of the drivers, as well. Speeding is very dangerous for the automobile itself. When speeding, the processes in mechanism of the car get accelerated and fasten very intensively. Sometimes driving speed is too very high and the mechanism of the automobile can not stand on such intensification and tension. That is why in such situations engine can blow or other malfunction of car can happen.Certainly, speed limitations have other important functions. Frequently, speed limitations are connected with some special situations on the roads, like roadwork or bad environmental conditions. In such cases, speed limitations play the role of reminders about the most reasonable speed levels on one or another part of a highway, and make our roads much safer.In other words, speed limitations attract attention of the drivers to the most unsafe and critical parts of the highways. For example, tough speed limitations can be very effective in those parts of the roads, where some reconstruction or road expansion take place. Or, some special speed limits can be established for the roads, which are located on dangerous territories: for example, in the mountains, where the roads are spiral.In addition, speed limits have one more very practicable reason. They are necessary for our society as an effective reinforcement instrument for the police. Only specif ied speed limits can serve as reference points, which help to control the speeders on the roads. That is why established speed limits can help police officers in providing and securing conditions for safe traveling on the highways, and also in catching and fighting with chronic speeders. Speed limits are exceptional regulations of traffic on the roads.Many opponents of speed limits say that established limits can not force all drivers to obey them. They point on large amount of those drivers, who enjoy speeding in anyway. This can be partially true. But still the majority of drivers pays attention on speed limitation signs and tries to fit into established speed limits, because these limitations serve for the safety of the very drivers, as well. Besides, any specified speed limitation is better, than unspecified ones!Speed limits are very important and effective measures of road safety! They must exist, but certainly they have to be realistic, reasonable and flexible. Speed limits h ave to vary, depending on the category, location and business of a street or a highway. Such details, like weather conditions, terrain features, condition of the road, etc., must be obligatory taken into consideration, when establishing speed limits.According to the statistics, about 32% of lethal accidents are connected with speeding. (Blagojevich) That is why it is extremely important not only to establish speed limitations, but also to control observation of these limits by the drivers, especially on the highways and freeways, where the existing speed limitations are rather high and the situation always remains dangerous for safety of our citizens.Bibliography: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blagojevich, Rod. Speed Limit Enforcement. Illinois State Police. 2004. 14 Dec. 2005 http://www.isp.state.il.us/traffic/speedlimitenf.cfm . ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Speed Limit. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 4 Dec. 2005 14 Dec. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spee d_limit . ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Speed Limits. Arizona Department of Transportation. ITD Highways Home Page.14 Dec. 2005 http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/Traffic/Speed.asp .

How to Write a College Essay Sample - Tips to Get Started

How to Write a College Essay Sample - Tips to Get StartedWriting a college essay sample is one of the toughest tasks in writing as it requires extensive writing skill and experience. This article presents to you some tips for completing a well-structured college essay. With the help of this article, you can make sure that you complete an essay to the best of your ability. Therefore, the tips presented in this article will surely help you finish writing your college essay sample.In writing a college essay, you have to make sure that the content you use is free from errors. Errors are one of the major problems which often cause students to fail in writing their essay. Correcting mistakes is something that has to be done before the essays are submitted to universities. The internet has several tips for correcting errors in college essays.When writing an essay sample, there are three important topics that you need to address. These three topics are, the author's name, topic, and thesis s tatement. The first two parts of the essay are already predetermined but the thesis statement, which is the part where you discuss the purpose of your essay, should be addressed well.Before you start writing, you have to get a grip on the meaning of each term that is used in the essay. Make sure that you remember the definitions that you need to spell out. Also, you should try to understand the thesis statement so that you can successfully tackle the other part of the essay.To increase the credibility of your student's essay, you should consider making certain that you include quotes in the essay. When writing a student's essay, you should always use the quotes from a reference book or a journal article. Always make sure that you provide the source of the quote you are using in the essay.For example, if the student has written an article about his experiences working in a new company, you should include this statement in your article. You should also create a close up picture of the article so that you can correctly portray the article to the reader. It is also wise to include words in the article that you think the reader will find useful.If you follow these tips well, you can write a great college essay sample which will surely help you finish writing your essay. Remember that you should always keep in mind the purpose of your essay so that you are able to write an essay to the best of your ability. Hence, you will definitely finish writing your college essay sample.

Girls not Grey by AFI

Girls not Grey by AFI Musical artists often respond to personal and social situations in their lyrics. How they portray that situation is sometimes deliberate and highly symbolic. While portraying the situation, they create a unique perspective that enables their listeners to view the situation in a deliberate manner; what experts call the artist’s agenda.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Girls not Grey† by AFI specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Often, artists respond to situations in their lyrics to either: Celebrate a specific belief or faith, Invite listeners into a culture to experience it authentically, sometimes dispelling any misinterpretations outsiders may have, criticize traditions or current events within a culture and often call for reform or change, and force readers to question their beliefs and values. This paper will analyze a song titled â€Å"Girls not Grey†, which was composed by the A Fire Insid e (AFI), and explain the band’s agenda with regard to this song. â€Å"Girls not Grey† has been seen by many as a campaign by AFI to enlighten musicians and the rest of the society on the dangers of drug use. A Fire Inside (AFI) is a rock band based in California, USA (Ovguide Editors 1). The current society faces numerous challenges that are caused by drug addiction. Drug use is common among the young people and most importantly musicians. The use of drugs such as cocaine and marijuana is often advertised in the mass media and this attracts the attention of many potential users. Musicians are often forced to use illegal drugs so as to gain courage and energy to face huge crowds. According to Tiegel, rock musicians are the most vulnerable artistes (56). Tiegel notes that the culture of drug use is very common among rock musicians and warns young rock artistes to be on the lookout. â€Å"The music industry’s love affairs with drugs, from uppers and downers, to t he smoking of marijuana, which musicians, producers, and long haired general mangers and doctors agree should be classified separately from the hard drugs, has caused numerous problems† (Tiegel 58). Drug addiction has caused the deaths of several musicians, and it has crippled the careers of many. The deaths of Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix were believed to have resulted from the use of drugs. Despite the death of these two musicians, the use of drugs by musicians is still is worrying. Tiegel argues â€Å"the rock musician’s world at best is a house of dreams and cards. He has a short life and he does not know how long it will last, so he wants to be up for every performance; he wants to be on top†(58).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dr. Birnbaum, an expert of drug addiction, indicates that musicians often use drugs because â€Å"drugs are so much a part of the youth scene, and the musician thinks he needs the drug to survive, work under duress, be functional on the road, work long gigs at absurd hours, record at odd hours, and tolerate the sound of music; musicians need drugs to start their motors going or to calm down their anxieties† (Tiegel 58). Drug use significantly affects the lives of musicians. Having worked with musicians who use drugs for quite some time, Dr. Birnbaum argues that drug use has led to the breakage of many groups due to the fact that some members of the group are unable to cope up with the behaviors of their colleagues. In addition, drug use affects the relationship between musicians and their producers and managers. Thus, drug use does not only harm the health of musicians and other drug users, but also cripples their working relationships and careers. The problem of drug use has become so common that it is regarded as a lifestyle. Music can be used to enlighten the society on the dangers of dr ug use. Musicians have many followers thus they can use their music to campaign against the use of drugs. AFI is a group of musicians which has taken the initiative of enlightening the society and most importantly their fellow musicians on the dangers of drug abuse. This goal has been achieved through the group’s single titled â€Å"Girls not Grey†. â€Å"I’ll lay me down tonight, Much further down. Swim in the calm tonight. This art does drown.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Girls not Grey† by AFI specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What follows me as the whitest lace of light? Will swallow whole Just begs to be imbrued? What follows has led me to this place where I belong with all erased? What follows? All insects sing tonight the coldest sound, I’d send God’s grace tonight, could it be found?Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What follows me as the whitest lace of light? Will swallow whole. Just begs to be imbrued? What follows has led me to this place, where I belong with all erased, I’ll lay me down tonight, Much further down, Watch stars go out tonight, On sinking ground†. (Source: https://www.lyricinterpretations.com/afi/girls-not-grey) According to Lyrics Interpreters, Girls not Grey highlights how drug addiction ruins the careers are lives of musicians. Lyrics Interpreters note that the use of â€Å"girls† â€Å"or grey† is metaphoric (1). â€Å"Girls† means cocaine while grey has a number of meanings. In the drug addiction world, the term â€Å"girls† is often used in reference to cocaine. In the first stanza, the line â€Å"This art does drown† is used by the group to indicate to their listeners that the art of music does drown in case the artist is a drug user (Lyrics Interpreters 3). The use of illegal drugs has numerous effects to the user. If t he user is a musician, it has been found that drug use often distorts the musician’s career .This line is used to warn musicians who use illegal drugs, or those who intend to use cocaine that drug use is likely to ruin their careers. The second stanza is a continuation of the artists’ wider message. The lines â€Å"What follows me as the whitest lace of light? Will swallow whole, just begs to be imbrued? What follows has led me to this place where I belong with all erased? What follows?† emphasize AFI’s message (Lyrics Interpreters 3). Musicians are seen as the light of the society. They are seen as role models by many. The use of cocaine will swallow its user and finally erase him or her. AFI warns their audience that â€Å"what follows the use of cocaine†¦anyone that use it is just begging to be imbrued. It leads to death† (Lyrics Interpreters 3). In the third stanza, the line â€Å"All insects sing tonight the coldest sound† also hi ghlights the group’s message (Lyrics Interpreters 3). In this case, insects represent drug users, and the music of drug users is likened to a cold sound, indicating that it has no meaning. In the last stanza, the line â€Å"Watch stars go out tonight, on sinking ground† means that God is watching as the stars (musicians) sink into the ground. The song â€Å"Girls not Grey† by AFI represents one of the many ways in which sober musicians reach out to their colleagues in the music industry. Most musicians have a lot of money which they use to purchase illegal drugs like cocaine. In addition, the society is so permissive that musicians often get away with some crimes such as the use of illegal drugs. There is a need to inform musicians that they can succeed or overcome pressure related to music without using drugs. Generally, the musical career has many challenges. Musicians need counseling and guidance so that they can make informed decisions and live fulfilling l ives. In conclusion, it can be argued that musicians often compose lyrics in response to events or situations, and this is usually done in a symbolic manner. While portraying the situation, they create a unique perspective that enables their listeners to view the situation in a deliberate manner; what experts call the artist’s agenda. Often, artists respond to situations in their lyrics to either: Celebrate a specific belief or faith, Invite listeners into a culture to experience it authentically, sometimes dispelling any misinterpretations outsiders may have, criticize traditions or current events within a culture and often call for reform or change, and force readers to question their beliefs and values. â€Å"Girls not Grey† is an example of a song that responds to a situation. This song was composed by AFI in response to the worrying trend of drug abuse in Musicians. A number of factors which force musicians to use drugs have been documented. Drug use is common amo ng young people and most importantly musicians. The use of drugs such as cocaine and marijuana is often advertised in the mass media and this attracts the attention of many potential users. Musicians are often forced to use illegal drugs so as to gain courage and energy to face huge crowds. According to Tiegel, rock musicians are the most vulnerable artistes (57). Experts of drug addiction indicate that musicians often use drugs because â€Å"drugs are so much a part of the youth scene, and the musician thinks he needs the drug to survive, work under duress, be functional on the road, work long gigs at absurd hours, record at odd hours, and tolerate the sound of music; musicians need drugs to start their motors going or to calm down their anxieties† (Tiegel 58). Drug use significantly affects the lives of musicians. Having worked with musicians who use drugs for quite some time, Dr. Birnbaum argues that drug use has led to the breakage of many groups due to the fact that some members of the group are unable to cope up with the behaviors of their colleagues. In addition, drug use affects the relationship between musicians and their producers and managers. Thus, drug use does not only harm the health of musicians and other drug users, but also cripples their working relationships and careers. Most musicians have a lot of money which they use to purchase illegal drugs like cocaine. In addition, the society is so permissive that musicians often get away with some crimes such as the use of illegal drugs. There is a need to inform musicians that they can succeed or overcome pressure related to music without using drugs. Generally, the musical career has many challenges. Musicians need counseling and guidance so that they can make informed decisions and live fulfilling lives. Lyrics Interpretors. AFI: Girls not Grey meaning. Jan. 2007. Web. Ovguide Editors. â€Å"The Art of Drowning Video†. Ovguide 7 April 2011: 1-10. Web. Tiegel, Eliot. Young Musician s Fall prey to Addicting Drugs. Billboard 6 November 1971: 55-60. Web.

AP Biology Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Biology Scores - Learn What You Need for College Biology is the most popular of the Advanced Placement natural science subjects, and over a quarter million students take the AP Biology exam every year. The great majority of colleges will offer course credit for an exam score of a 4 or 5, although there are a few highly selective schools that do not award either credit or course placement. About the AP Biology Course and Exam The AP Biology is a lab science course, and at least 25 percent of class time will be spent conducting hands-on laboratory learning. Along with important terminology and biological principles, the course covers inquiry and reasoning skills that are central to the sciences. The course is organized around four central ideas that are essential for understanding living organisms and biological system: Evolution. Students must understand the various processes that drive genetic change.Cellular Processes: Energy and Communication. This element of the course focuses on the ways that living systems capture energy and use feedback loops with their external environments.Genetics and Information Transfer. Students learn about sexual and asexual reproduction and the ways in which genetic information is transmitted to offspring.Interactions. From the cellular level to populations to entire ecosystems, biological systems rely upon various types of interactions. Students learn about both competition and cooperation. AP Biology Score Information In 2018, 259,663 students took the AP Biology exam, and the mean score was 2.87.  159,733 (61.5%) of those students scored a 3 or higher indicating that they have proven a level of competency to potentially earn college credit.   The distribution of scores for the AP Biology exam is as follows: AP Biology Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 18,594 7.2 4 55,964 21.6 3 85,175 32.8 2 73,544 28.3 1 26,386 10.2 :Unlike the SAT or ACT, reporting AP test scores to colleges is typically optional, so a score of 1 or 2 wont necessarily hurt your college chances if you earned good grades in the class. College Credit and Course Placement for AP Biology Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Biology exam will sometimes fulfill this requirement. The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP Biology exam. For other schools, youll need to explore the college website or contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information. Sample AP Biology Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 BIOL 1510 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; no placement Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing a course beyond BIO 110 LSU 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; BIOL 1201, 1202, 1208, 1209 (8 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Biology Mississippi State University 4 or 5 BIO 1123 (3 credits) for a 4; BIO 1123 and BIO 1023 (6 credits) for a 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Biological Sciences 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Biological Sciences 10098 and 10099 (8 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University - No credit for AP Biology Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 100 Biology (4 credits) for a 3; BIOL 107 Introductory Biology I (4 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits; no placement Yale University 5 1 credit; MCDB 105a or b, 107a, 109b, or 120a As you can see, some highly selective schools such as UCLA and Grinnell provide elective credits but no placement for a strong AP Biology score. Stanford and MIT have even less confidence in the course and exam, and those schools offer no credit or placement.   A Final Word About AP Biology AP Biology can be an excellent choice for students who are planning a pre-health or pre-vet track in college. This are typically rigorous and structured academic paths, so placing out of a course gives you valuable flexibility in your college schedule. And, of course, youll be entering college with some college-level biology under your belt. AP Chemistry and AP Calculus can also be valuable for students planning to major in STEM fields. Whatever you plan to study in college, taking Advanced Placement classes strengthen your college applications.  A strong academic record is the most important piece of the admissions equation, and success in challenging college-preparatory classes such as Advanced Placement is one of the most meaningful ways that a college can predict your college preparedness.

Attachment Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Attachment Disorder - Essay Example When we examine the word 'attachment', it provides us a vision in the realm of socio-emotional development and measures the security of infant-mother attachment that proves equally successful in documenting systematic associations between development at the end of the first year of life and subsequent functioning as late as the early school-age years (Belsky & Nezworski, 1988, p. 4). Attachment theory as defined by Bowlby from its beginning was concerned with the implications of atypical patterns of attachment as well as the formation and course of normal infant-parent relationships. In order to explain the theoretical part of attachment disorder, Bowlby formulated his ideas of personality development to explain the link between early emotional deprivation and later pathology as a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of emotionally disturbed children and families. Thus, 'attachment' acts as a tool that exists in between psychopathology and normal development. Investigations carried out in a number of laboratories suggests that infants whose relationships with their mothers can be characterized as secure as opposed to insecure using the Strange Situation paradigm generally look more competent as toddlers, preschoolers, and even as children beginning public school. This does not indicate that individual differences in the security of attachment are deterministic of later development, but rather that theoretically meaningful associations between development in infancy and later functioning have been repeatedly established in studies focusing upon socio-affective functioning. The meaning of attachment disorder associated on the basis of attachment theory stipulates that feelings of security and control when grow out of the infant-mother relationship contribute to the regulation of 'attachment affect' or 'disorder' where the establishment of other social relationships, and the child's negotiation of subsequent developmental tasks evaluate the extent to which the child is affected from the disorder. Many researchers argue that misconceptions attributed to attachment theory do not support the basic assumption of guiding attachment research in context with the relationship between mother and infant. Reactive Attachment Disorder The diagnosis of attachment disorder is based upon the scientific enquiry and is described as ICD-10, Reactive Attachment Disorder or RAD that marks the severe disorders of attachment affecting children. RAD takes place whenever the process of developing relationships starts perturbing, thereby finding it very difficult to maintain social relations. The RAD analyzes disorders that evolve from distortions in the adaptive functioning of anxiety in early development. Anxiety serves as indicator to this disorder that prompts infant distress signals and proximity-seeking behaviour that, in turn, elicits regulatory assistance from the caregiver, reducing the likelihood of harm. Thus in order to avoid RAD, separation distress may be adaptive in the context of responsive, sensitive care giving. Clinical implications of attachment disorder provide significant insight into the common foundations of typical and atypical development which can be described at multiple levels. On the

Coursework 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework 1 - Assignment Example The Edhi Foundation also has air ambulances so that they can reach faster to remote areas. Its headquarters are in Karachi, Pakistan and in Karachi alone it has eight hospitals that provide free medicinal care, cater to diabetes patients, eye hospitals, a cancer hospital etc. There are also two blood banks managed by the Edhi Foundation in Karachi. Many lives have been saved by their services, be it babies, orphans, mothers, the elderly. (Foundation, 2012) Edhi and his wife Bilquis have been like what water is to a parched land and they have spent their entire lives working for the welfare of the needy in Pakistan and abroad and they continue to do so. They function in eleven places outside Pakistan and are perhaps the only charitable organization that has gone international in Pakistan. They are totally committed to the people; fame and publicity have never attracted them and they prefer to just be dedicated to a lifetime of work and betterment of the society. (Magnier, 2011) Abdul Sattar Edhi, the founder of this society was brought up in a way that inculcated kindness as a part of everything in him. His mother brought him up with strong morals and he saw the impoverished life of the poor and sought to help them. He started with his one can called the â€Å"poor man’s van† and lead up to what his society is today: claiming bodies, burying them, rescuing people from any ailment he possibly could. Since he started, his ambulances have been all over Karachi, in good times and bad equally. He has been truly there for the people, which is why his organization again has a competitive advantage over others. Apart from always being there, they were the first South Asian Foundation to own air ambulances. There are 3,500 workers and many volunteers who help make it the best organization possible for the people. (Foundation, 2012) And despite all the fame he could

Transient Global Amnesia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Transient Global Amnesia A little while ago, my father and grandfather were driving in our car together. All of a sudden, my grandfather said that he was feeling dizzy and thought the beginnings of a migraine were coming on. My grandfather is extremely healthy and has an amazing memory, so my father was shocked when not long after, when grandfather asked where Ruthy, his recently deceased wife, was. When my father reminded him that she had died of cancer last year, my grandfather broke into tears, as if he was being told for the first time. In addition, he couldn't even remember what he had just eaten for dinner or any other events of the day. My father drove him straight to the emergency room, worried that he had perhaps just suffered a minor stoke. By the time that he got to the hospital, he was already beginning to regain some of the memories that had been lost. The doctors reassured him that it was not a stroke, but rather a memory disorder called transient global amnesia. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a type of amnesia involving the sudden, temporary disturbance in an otherwise healthy person's memory. The other main kinds of amnesia are called anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory loss associated with a trauma, disease, or emotional events. It is characterized by the inability to remember new information. (1) Retrograde amnesia is associated with the loss of distant memories usually preceding a given trauma. (2) In transient global amnesia, generally both distant memories and immediate recall are retained, as are language function, attention, visual-spatial and social skills. However, during the period of amnesia, people suffering from the disorder cannot remember recent occurrences nor can they retain any new visual or verbal information for more than a couple minutes. (3) Though patients generally remember their own identities, they are often very confused by their surroundings and the people around them. T hey continuously ask questions about events that are transpiring, for example where they are, who is with them, what is happening. However, once they are told, they immediate forget the answer, and repeat the question again. (4) The period of amnesia can last anywhere from one to twenty-four hours. Some people suffer from a headache, dizziness, and nausea while others have only memory loss. TGA generally affects fifty to eighty-year-old men, about 3.4 to 5.