Attachment Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Attachment Disorder - Essay Example When we examine the word 'attachment', it provides us a vision in the realm of socio-emotional development and measures the security of infant-mother attachment that proves equally successful in documenting systematic associations between development at the end of the first year of life and subsequent functioning as late as the early school-age years (Belsky & Nezworski, 1988, p. 4). Attachment theory as defined by Bowlby from its beginning was concerned with the implications of atypical patterns of attachment as well as the formation and course of normal infant-parent relationships. In order to explain the theoretical part of attachment disorder, Bowlby formulated his ideas of personality development to explain the link between early emotional deprivation and later pathology as a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of emotionally disturbed children and families. Thus, 'attachment' acts as a tool that exists in between psychopathology and normal development. Investigations carried out in a number of laboratories suggests that infants whose relationships with their mothers can be characterized as secure as opposed to insecure using the Strange Situation paradigm generally look more competent as toddlers, preschoolers, and even as children beginning public school. This does not indicate that individual differences in the security of attachment are deterministic of later development, but rather that theoretically meaningful associations between development in infancy and later functioning have been repeatedly established in studies focusing upon socio-affective functioning. The meaning of attachment disorder associated on the basis of attachment theory stipulates that feelings of security and control when grow out of the infant-mother relationship contribute to the regulation of 'attachment affect' or 'disorder' where the establishment of other social relationships, and the child's negotiation of subsequent developmental tasks evaluate the extent to which the child is affected from the disorder. Many researchers argue that misconceptions attributed to attachment theory do not support the basic assumption of guiding attachment research in context with the relationship between mother and infant. Reactive Attachment Disorder The diagnosis of attachment disorder is based upon the scientific enquiry and is described as ICD-10, Reactive Attachment Disorder or RAD that marks the severe disorders of attachment affecting children. RAD takes place whenever the process of developing relationships starts perturbing, thereby finding it very difficult to maintain social relations. The RAD analyzes disorders that evolve from distortions in the adaptive functioning of anxiety in early development. Anxiety serves as indicator to this disorder that prompts infant distress signals and proximity-seeking behaviour that, in turn, elicits regulatory assistance from the caregiver, reducing the likelihood of harm. Thus in order to avoid RAD, separation distress may be adaptive in the context of responsive, sensitive care giving. Clinical implications of attachment disorder provide significant insight into the common foundations of typical and atypical development which can be described at multiple levels. On the

Coursework 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework 1 - Assignment Example The Edhi Foundation also has air ambulances so that they can reach faster to remote areas. Its headquarters are in Karachi, Pakistan and in Karachi alone it has eight hospitals that provide free medicinal care, cater to diabetes patients, eye hospitals, a cancer hospital etc. There are also two blood banks managed by the Edhi Foundation in Karachi. Many lives have been saved by their services, be it babies, orphans, mothers, the elderly. (Foundation, 2012) Edhi and his wife Bilquis have been like what water is to a parched land and they have spent their entire lives working for the welfare of the needy in Pakistan and abroad and they continue to do so. They function in eleven places outside Pakistan and are perhaps the only charitable organization that has gone international in Pakistan. They are totally committed to the people; fame and publicity have never attracted them and they prefer to just be dedicated to a lifetime of work and betterment of the society. (Magnier, 2011) Abdul Sattar Edhi, the founder of this society was brought up in a way that inculcated kindness as a part of everything in him. His mother brought him up with strong morals and he saw the impoverished life of the poor and sought to help them. He started with his one can called the â€Å"poor man’s van† and lead up to what his society is today: claiming bodies, burying them, rescuing people from any ailment he possibly could. Since he started, his ambulances have been all over Karachi, in good times and bad equally. He has been truly there for the people, which is why his organization again has a competitive advantage over others. Apart from always being there, they were the first South Asian Foundation to own air ambulances. There are 3,500 workers and many volunteers who help make it the best organization possible for the people. (Foundation, 2012) And despite all the fame he could